must, can't and needn't with the perfect infinitive

Bilge Gökçen

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must, can't and needn't with the perfect infinitive
must needn t needn t neednt must perfect infinitive
must + perfect infinitive is used for affirmative deductions.
can't/couldn't + infinitive is used for negative deductions.
needn't + perfect infinitive is used for a past action which was unnecessary but was performed.


Fill the spaces in the following sentences by using one of these forms + the perfect infinitive of the verbs in brackets.

1 Did you hear me come in last night? ~
No, I . . . (be) asleep.

2 I wonder who broke the wineglass; it . . . (be) the cat for she was out all day.
3 You . . . (help) him. ( You helped him but he didn 't need help.)
4 I had my umbrella when I came out but I haven't got it now. ~
You . . . (leave) it on the bus.
5 He . . . (escape) by this window because it is barred.
6 I . . . (give) Ј10. Ј5 would have been enough.
7 I saw a rattlesnake near the river yesterday. ~
You . . . (see) a rattlesnake. There aren't any rattlesnakes in this country.

8 He is back already. ~
He . . . (start) very early.

9 He returned home with a tiger cub. ~
His wife (be) very pleased about that.

10 I bought two bottles of milk. ~
You . . . (buy) milk; we have heaps in the house.

11 I phoned you at nine this morning but got no answer. ~
I'm sorry. I . . . (be) in the garden.

12 I left my bicycle here and now it's gone. ~
Someone . . . (borrow) it.

13 When she woke up her watch had vanished. ~
Someone . . . (steal) it while she slept.

14 I've opened another bottle. ~
You . . . (do) that. We've only just started this one.

15 The machine said, 'You weigh 65 kilos,' and I said, Thank you.' ~
You . . . (say) anything.

16 I told him to turn left and he immediately turned right! ~
He . . . (understand) you.

17 Perhaps he swam across. ~
No, he . . . (do) that; he can't swim.

18 Do you remember reading about it in the newspapers? ~
No, I . . . (be) abroad at the time.

19 He . . . (walk) from here to London in two hours. It isn't possible.
20 He was very sick last night. ~
The meat we had for supper . . . (be) good.

21 There was a dock strike and the liner couldn't leave port. ~
The passengers . . . (be) furious.

22 We went to a restaurant and had a very good dinner for Ј3. ~
You . . . (have) a very good dinner if you only paid Ј3.
23 I have just watered the roses. ~
You . . . (water) them. Look, it's raining now!

24 That carpet was made entirely by hand. ~
It . . . (take) a long time.

25 The door was open. ~
It . . . (be) open. I had locked it myself and the key was in my pocket.
26 He said that he watered the plants every day. ~
He . . . (water) them. If he had they wouldn't have died.

27 He came out of the water with little red spots all over his back. ~
He . . . (be) stung by a jelly-fish.
28 We've sent for a doctor. ~
You . . . (send) for him. I am perfectly well.

29 I've made two copies. ~
You . . . (make) two. One would have been enough.

30 There was a terrible crash at 3 a.m. ~
That . . . (be) Tom coming in from his party.

31 I had to get down the mountain in a thick fog. ~
That . . . (be) very difficult.

32 I saw Ann in the library yesterday. ~
You . . . (see) her; she is still abroad.

33 How did he get out of the house? He . . . (come) down the stairs for
they were blazing.

34 You . . . (lend) him your map. He has one of his own.
35 I spoke in English, very slowly. ~
You . . . (speak) slowly. He speaks English very fluently.

36 He was found unconscious at the foot of the cliff. He . . . (fall) 200 metres.
 
Cevap: must, can't and needn't with the perfect infinitive

1 must have been 2 can't/couldn't have been 3 needn't have helped 4 must have left 5 can't/couldn't have escaped 6 needn't have given 7 can't/couldn't have seen
8 must have started 9 can't have been 10 needn't have bought 11 must have been 12 must have borrowed 13 must have stolen 14 needn't have done 15 needn't have said
16 can't/couldn't have understood 17 can't/couldn't have done 18 must have been
19 can't/couldn't have walked 20 can't have been 21 must have been 22 can't/couldn't have had 23 needn't have watered 24 must have taken 25 can't/couldn't have been
26 can't/couldn't have watered 27 must have been 28 needn't have sent 29 needn't have made 30 must have been 31 must have been 32 can't/couldn't have seen 33 can't/couldn't have come 34 needn't have lent 35 needn't have spoken 36 must have fallen
 
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